These fluids can be used alone or in combination with extreme-pressure additives to formulate cutting fluids, grinding fluids, and in metal forming operations, such as drawing, stamping, and rolling. They feature inverse solubility (i.e., they become less soluble in water as the temperature of the solution increases). When in contact with a hot tool or workpiece, the fluid comes out of solution and coats the metal surfaces with a concentrated lubricant film, providing greater lubricity and heat removal.